ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПРОЦЕСУ ЧОРНОЗЕМОУТВОРЕННЯ НА ОСТРОВІ ЗМІЇНИЙ

Abstract

Викладено результати дослідження сутності та географо-генетичних особливостей процесу чорноземоутворення на о. Зміїний. Схарактеризовано комплект і комплекс елементарних процесів чорноземоутворення на острові – повсте(підстилко)утворення, гумусоутворення і накопичення гумусу, акумуляції біофільних елементів і Нітрогену, засолення і осолонцювання. Встановлено показники діагностики елементарних ґрунтових процесів, їхні значення і характеристики.

Изложены результаты исследования сущности и географо-генетических особенностей процесса черноземообразования на о. Змеиный. Охарактеризованы комплект и комплекс элементарных почвенных процессов черноземообразования на острове – подстилкообразования, гумусообразования и накопления гумуса, аккумуляции биофильных элементов и азота, засоления и осолонцевания. Установлено показатели диагностики элементарных почвенных процессов, их значения и характеристики.

Problem Statement and Purpose. Specific type of black soils has been formed on the inter rock surfaces of Zmiiny island. These soils are short profile, stony, unusually rich in humus, acidic, in varying degrees saline and alkaline. Until recently, the geographical and genetic characteristics of these soils, as well as the soil formation processes on the island, have not been properly studied. In this regard, the goal of the article resides in clarifying the geographical and genetic characteristics of the black soils and the soil formation processes on Zmiiny island. Data & Methods. The article is based on the 2008-2016 researches conducted on the natural conditions and factors of the soil formation on the Zmiin island, including their peculiarities, spatial differences, soil formation potential, genetic and diagnostic indicators and specifications of their morphology, chemical composition and soil properties, processess of their formation and spatial differences. While conducting the research the traditional soil and genetic, as well as comparative geographic (comparative profile) methods were implemented. Results. The publication presents research results on the essence, as well as on geographic and genetic peculiarities of the black soil formation processes on the Zmiiny island. These are predominantly turf and humus accumulative processes taking place under the layer of untouched steppe vegetation on the thin weathering crust of solid acid rocks in the conditions of supplies of salts from the sea. Both range and complexity of elementary soil formation processes on the island have been characterized, what includes felt(bedding)formation, humus formation, humus accumulation, biophile elements accumulation, nitrogen accumulation, salinity and alkalinity. The values and specifications of indicators allowing to diagnose elementary soil processes have been established. It appeared that processes of humus formation and humus accumulation are specific and peculiar for the insular soils. The highest horizons of the black soils are capable to accumulate up to 15- 18% of a type moder humus with a high (25-35, up to 40%) content of detritus. The soil salinization process is characterized with a dynamic seasonal variability in chemistry, as well as in the degree of salinity; this said soils retain their quasiequilibrium stability throughout the year. Considering the amounts of natrium (3- 7, up to 8-10% in highest horizons) the black sea insular soils are lightly– or moderately saline, though without any morphologic signs of alkalinization. One may speak here of a unique case of natrium-chemical salinity of the black soils without any signs of eluvial and deluvial differentiation of their profile.