Інститут політичної відповідальності держави та його сучасні гібридні деформації

Abstract

У статті надається теоретичний аналіз інституту політичної відповідальності держави та розглядаються його гібридні деформації в сучасних умовах. Досліджено гібридні чинники впливу на механізм політичної відповідальності в Україні. З’ясовано, що гібридні деформації політичної відповідальності є причиною виникнення кризи існуючого механізму влади та створюють умови для ведення гібридної війни, є загрозою в процесі трансформації авторитарної політичної системи країни до демократичної. Їх подолання й попередження нових таких деформацій у нашій державі є життєвою необхідністю.

The article gives a theoretical analysis of the institute of political responsibility of the state and examines its hybrid deformations in modern conditions. It is shown that various factors influence the institute of political responsibility of the state, the most significant of which are the form of government, the organizational-territorial structure, the political regime. First of all, the political responsibility of the state is the most specific “form of government”, that is, the way of organizing power, the order of its creation and action. A mixed form of government has own-hybrid nature. It combines signs of both a parliamentary republic and a presidential one. Therefore, its varieties are the presidential-parliamentary mechanism of political power and the parliamentary-presidential one. Accordingly, this form has a political responsibility. On its basis, a presidential-parliamentary institution of political responsibility of the state or a parliamentary-presidential one is formed. The search for an effective mechanism of political power in Ukraine did not give the expected results. Transformation of political responsibility within its proposed forms led to hybrid deformation. The hybrid deformation of the Institute of Political Responsibility in Ukraine is the clan of the political elite, political corruption, the orientation of political “actors” solely on the leaders of the political parties that are their founders, the loss of communication between political forces and voters, and late and ineffective economic and social reforms. It is found out that hybrid deformations are the cause of the crisis of the existing mechanism of power and create conditions for conducting a hybrid war, are a threat in the process of transformation of the authoritarian political system of the country into a democratic one. The threats of democratic transformation in Ukraine include: the absence of a formed political nation; incompleteness of political reform; controversy and imperfection of the existing legislative process; lack of a powerful middle class; low level of economic development; lack of formation in Ukraine of the main institutions of civil society.