ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ СИРОВАТКИ КРОВІ ПОРОСЯТ РАННЬОГО ПОСТНАТАЛЬНОГО ПЕРІОДУ

Abstract

Відомо, що склад сироватки крові залежить від функціонального стану всього організму та окремих його системи і характеризує рівень білкового обміну. Загальновживаними є показники кількості загального білка, альбумінів, глобулінів та їх фракцій, а також вміст інших органічних речовин, що є індикаторами функціонального стану відповідних органів (наприклад, кількість креатині ну, глюкози, сечовини). В статті зроблено аналіз робіт, присвячених вивченню імунологічних показників сироватки крові поросят першого місяця життя, та порівняння їх із власними даними.

Известно, что состав сыворотки крови зависит от функционального состояния всего организма, его отдельных систем и характеризует уровень белкового обмена. Общеупотребительными являются показатели количества общего белка, альбуминов, глобулинов и их фракций, а также содержимое других органических веществ, которые являются индикаторами функционального состояния соответствующих органов (например, количество креатинина, глюкозы, мочевины). В статье проведен анализ работ, посвященных изучению иммунологических показателей сыворотки крови поросят первого месяца жизни и сравнение их с собственными данными.

It is known that the composition of blood serum depends on the functional state of the whole organism, its separate systems and characterizes the level of protein metabolism. The generally accepted indicators are indicators of the amount of total protein, albumins, globulins and their fractions, as well as the content of other organic substances, which are indicators of the functional state of the relevant organs (creatinine, glucose, urea). Scientific papers devoted to studying of immunological parameters of blood serum of piglets of the first month of life were analyzed in the article and these indicators were compared with own data. Among the scientific papers devoted to the study of immunological indicators of blood serum, we analyzed those that are dedicated to the investigations of the first month of life piglets. The main conclusions of the research are ascertaining the immaturity of the immune system of first month of life piglets and identifying of significant fluctuations of indicators of certain humoral factors of blood serum (total protein, albumin and globulin quantity). The results of several studies have pointed out that the quantity of proteins in the blood serum after receiving of the first portions of the colostrums is increasing, then during the first 7- 10 days of life is reducing, and after till the end of the first month is gradually increasing. According to the results of other researchers, the quantity of albumin in the first month of life in the blood serum of piglets is gradually increasing and the quantity of globulin after a slight rise is significantly reducing. There are studies that indicate the minimal quantity of albumins and globulins in the serum of piglets in the first 7 days, whereupon the quantity of these proteins is gradually increasing. The recent studies provided more homogeneous results. They confirmed the functional immaturity of the immune system of newborn piglets, the importance of compulsory feeding by colostrum and presence of changes of quantitative indicators of protein fractions of blood serum. However, the direction and amplitude of changes of protein quantity in different authors’ researches were dissimilar. Investigations conducted in the XXI century, devoted to the study of the correlation of proteins quantity in the blood serum with the quality of colostrum, the impact on the condition of protein metabolism of stresses and the type of higher nervous activity. Moreover, modern methods of research have allowed to study the dynamics of changes not only of proteins fractions, but also of separate classes of immunoglobulins. Changes in the number of immunoglobulins of different classes in the organism of the first month of life piglets, according to literature data, show that the level of G class immunoglobulins in newborn piglets is low. After the birth the immunoglobulins of G and A class are transferred to piglets with colostrum and milk, which provides for young animals the additional immunity.